I fully understand your expectations and why what the rep did was not at all what you had wanted.
However, there have been a number of posts in the pasts that basically said "I asked for a quote and when I called back the next day to make the booking the price was $xxx more. I am upset that I am unable to get the price quoted originally."
The only sure way to have the original quote honored when one calls back is to have made a tentative booking ("hold"). It is also possible that the next day the category could be sold out, so the hold also preserves availability. The rep should (but did not) have asked if you want a hold so that price would be available the next day.
There also have been a number of posts in the past (before FCCs became a part of the process) that essentially said "I only asked for a quote, but a booking was made. How do I cancel the booking?" And the responses said after x days the booking will disappear because no deposit was made.
Please note that the posts about these holds were made when the quote requests were made to a Travel Agent or directly to Princess and without the information that a tentative booking was being made to preserve the price quoted. It seems to be a common practice.
The main difference is that pre-pandemic, almost everyone did not have FCCs that the Princess computer system automatically applied to a booking, whether a hold or an intended booking. In fact this automatic applying of FCCs has resulted in a number of posts saying that the FCCs were thus not being applied to a cruise the person wanted them applied to.